How to Take Care of a Pregnant Dog: A Week-by-Week Guide for First-Time Owners
How to Know If Your Dog Is Pregnant
Most signs of dog pregnancy appear after the third week of gestation. Look for subtle changes like:
- Increased appetite
- Mild behavioral shifts (clinginess or reclusiveness)
- Slight nipple enlargement and pinkness (“pinking up”)
- Less interest in strenuous activity
To confirm pregnancy, visit your vet around day 25 for an ultrasound or a physical exam. According to Dr. Joanna Woodnutt, MRCVS, “Ultrasound scans can reliably detect pregnancy and even estimate the number of pups.”
Week-by-Week Care Tips
Weeks 1–3: Early Pregnancy
This phase can be uneventful. Continue feeding your dog her regular diet and limit stress. Avoid vaccinations, deworming, or medications unless prescribed by your vet.
Weeks 4–6: Increased Nutritional Needs
At this point, pups are growing fast. Switch to a high-quality puppy food to support increased caloric needs. Feed smaller but more frequent meals. Your dog may start gaining weight visibly.
Weeks 7–9: Preparing for Whelping
As labor approaches, your dog might “nest” — arranging blankets or seeking secluded spots. Introduce her to a whelping box around week 7 so she can get comfortable. Begin monitoring her temperature daily by week 8. A drop below 99°F often signals labor within 24 hours.
Exercise: How Much Is Too Much?
Short walks (15–20 minutes) 3–5 times daily are ideal. Keep them low-intensity — no jumping, roughhousing, or long hikes. This helps maintain strength without risking injury.
“Gentle, regular exercise keeps your pregnant dog healthy without exhausting her,” says Dr. Marty Becker, veterinarian and author.
Feeding a Pregnant Dog
From week 5 onward, switch to food formulated for puppies or pregnant dogs. Avoid supplements unless directed by your vet. Ensure constant access to fresh water, especially as her body works overtime to nourish pups.
Pro tip: Look for foods with high protein and DHA for fetal brain development.
Behavioral Changes in Pregnant Dogs
Pregnant dogs often become more affectionate — or more reserved. Watch for signs of stress or anxiety, and provide a quiet, safe space. Avoid loud noises and minimize visitors.
Some dogs act withdrawn or appear slightly depressed. This is normal, but keep an eye out for dramatic behavior changes and consult your vet if concerned.
Veterinary Checkups & Parasite Control
Schedule regular checkups to monitor progress. Your vet might recommend a safe deworming regimen and can check for heartworm or fleas — all of which affect pregnancy. Never self-medicate your dog during this time.
Preparing for Labor: Whelping at Home
Whelping (dog labor) usually happens around day 63. Create a comfortable, clean whelping area in a quiet room. Stock up on clean towels, disposable gloves, heating pads, and contact info for your emergency vet.
Signs labor is near:
- Nesting behavior
- Drop in appetite
- Drop in body temperature
- Panting or restlessness
If labor lasts over 2 hours between pups or there’s excessive bleeding, call your vet immediately.
Aftercare: Supporting Mom and Pups
After whelping, let mom bond with her puppies. Make sure she’s nursing and eating. Keep the environment warm (around 85°F the first week). Check the pups daily for signs of weakness or lack of nursing.
Final Thoughts
Caring for a pregnant dog at home may seem overwhelming, but with preparation and regular vet support, you’ll be ready for those little paw arrivals. Provide your dog with love, nutrition, and a calm environment. She’ll do the rest — it’s in her nature.
Still unsure? Speak with your vet or a local breeder for personalized advice.