How to Take Care of a Pregnant Dog: A Week-by-Week Guide for First-Time Owners

Just found out your dog is pregnant? First off, congratulations! Dog pregnancy is a beautiful and natural process, but it comes with unique needs and responsibilities. Whether it’s your dog’s first litter or you’re simply brushing up, this guide will help you understand exactly how to care for a pregnant dog — from behavioral changes to feeding tips, and preparing for the big day.

How to Know If Your Dog Is Pregnant

Most signs of dog pregnancy appear after the third week of gestation. Look for subtle changes like:

Increased appetite
Mild behavioral shifts (clinginess or reclusiveness)
Slight nipple enlargement and pinkness (“pinking up”)
Less interest in strenuous activity

To confirm pregnancy, visit your vet around day 25 for an ultrasound or a physical exam. According to Dr. Joanna Woodnutt, MRCVS, “Ultrasound scans can reliably detect pregnancy and even estimate the number of pups.”

Week-by-Week Care Tips

Weeks 1–3: Early Pregnancy

This phase can be uneventful. Continue feeding your dog her regular diet and limit stress. Avoid vaccinations, deworming, or medications unless prescribed by your vet.

Weeks 4–6: Increased Nutritional Needs

At this point, pups are growing fast. Switch to a high-quality puppy food to support increased caloric needs. Feed smaller but more frequent meals. Your dog may start gaining weight visibly.

Exercise: How Much Is Too Much?

Short walks (15–20 minutes) 3–5 times daily are ideal. Keep them low-intensity — no jumping, roughhousing, or long hikes. This helps maintain strength without risking injury.

“Gentle, regular exercise keeps your pregnant dog healthy without exhausting her,” says Dr. Marty Becker, veterinarian and author.

Feeding a Pregnant Dog

From week 5 onward, switch to food formulated for puppies or pregnant dogs. Avoid supplements unless directed by your vet. Ensure constant access to fresh water, especially as her body works overtime to nourish pups.

Pro tip: Look for foods with high protein and DHA for fetal brain development.

Behavioral Changes in Pregnant Dogs

Pregnant dogs often become more affectionate — or more reserved. Watch for signs of stress or anxiety, and provide a quiet, safe space. Avoid loud noises and minimize visitors.

Some dogs act withdrawn or appear slightly depressed. This is normal, but keep an eye out for dramatic behavior changes and consult your vet if concerned.

Veterinary Checkups & Parasite Control

Schedule regular checkups to monitor progress. Your vet might recommend a safe deworming regimen and can check for heartworm or fleas — all of which affect pregnancy. Never self-medicate your dog during this time.

Preparing for Labor: Whelping at Home

Whelping (dog labor) usually happens around day 63. Create a comfortable, clean whelping area in a quiet room. Stock up on clean towels, disposable gloves, heating pads, and contact info for your emergency vet.

Signs labor is near:

Nesting behavior
Drop in appetite
Drop in body temperature
Panting or restlessness

If labor lasts over 2 hours between pups or there’s excessive bleeding, call your vet immediately.

Aftercare: Supporting Mom and Pups

After whelping, let mom bond with her puppies. Make sure she’s nursing and eating. Keep the environment warm (around 85°F the first week). Check the pups daily for signs of weakness or lack of nursing.

Final Thoughts

Caring for a pregnant dog at home may seem overwhelming, but with preparation and regular vet support, you’ll be ready for those little paw arrivals. Provide your dog with love, nutrition, and a calm environment. She’ll do the rest — it’s in her nature.

Still unsure? Speak with your vet or a local breeder for personalized advice.